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Posted in Dunia Binatang
Secretary Bird, an African bird of prey. It is a long-legged bird about four feet (1.2m) in height with a head and hooked beak similar to a hawk’s. Its plumage is blue-gray except for black wing tips, thighs, tail, and crest. The bird derives its name from its long crest feathers, which stick out from the back of its head somewhat like the quill pens that office workers once carried behind their ears.
The secretary bird is famous as a hunter of snakes but also eats rodents, large insects, small birds, and eggs. It hunts on foot in open, sparsely wooded grasslands south of the Sahara. It is believed that secretary birds mate for life. The pair builds a nest of sticks on top of small trees. Usually two eggs, white with reddish-brown streaks, are laid in the nest.
The secretary bird is a long-legged bird about four feet in height.
Long ago, secretaries wrote and copied letters by hand. They stuck quill pens behind their ears when they weren’t using them. The black plumes of this bird reminded people of quill pens. So they named the bird the secretary-bird.
Secretary-birds live on grassy plains in parts of Africa. These birds are tall, and they have much longer legs than other birds of prey. They run through the grass, attacking prey with their feet and wings. Secretary-birds catch and eat large insects, snakes, small mammals, and lizards. They also eat the eggs of other birds.
When it’s time to nest, secretary-birds build unusual homes. They use sticks, leaves, and grass to make a kind of platform. Both parents incubate the eggs and share in feeding the chicks.
The secretary bird is Sagittarius serpentarius, the only member of the family Sagittariidae.
Posted in Birds of Prey, MAMMALS
Lammergeier, a large vulture that lives in the mountains of Africa, southern Europe, and southern Asia. It is also called the bearded vulture and bearded griffin. It differs from other vultures in that its head is fully feathered. An adult lammergeier is about 42 inches (107 cm) long, with a wingspread of more than 9 feet (2.7 m). It is black to brown above, tawny below, with a white head and a black stripe on each cheek.
The lammergeier feeds on dead animal matter. It is particularly fond of bone marrow, which it obtains by carrying bones to great heights and dropping them on rocks. The female lays a single egg (sometimes two) about three inches (7.6 cm) long in a nest of sticks usually built on a rock ledge.
Lammergeiers are rare. They were formerly killed in large numbers because people feared (without justification) that they carried off children and domestic animals; the birds were also hunted as trophies. Since 1986, some lammergeiers bred in European zoos have been released into the wild; in 1997 one such pair hatched the first wildbred offspring in more than a century. In 1998 a lammergeier breeding center was opened in the Swiss Alps.
The lammergeier is Gypaëtus barbatus of the family Accipitridae.
The Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), also known as the Lammergeier or Lammergeyer, is a bird of prey, and the only member of the genus Gypaetus. Traditionally considered an Old World vulture, it actually forms a minor lineage of Accipitridae together with theEgyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus), its closest living relative. They are not much more closely related to the Old World vultures proper than to, for example, hawks, and differ from the former by their feathered neck. Although dissimilar, Egyptian and Bearded Vultures both have a lozenge-shaped tail that is unusual among birds of prey
Posted in Birds of Prey
Kite, a hawklike bird with long, pointed wings and a long tail. It is noted for its ability to soar and glide. Kites are found in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and from the southern United States to South America. They live mainly in marshes and woods, feeding on insects, snakes, snails, and small mammals. North American species are the swallow-tailed kite, a bird with black-and-white feathers and a deeply forked tail; the Mississippi kite, dark gray with a black tail; the Everglade, or snail, kite, dark gray with red legs (male) or buff with brown streaks (female); and the white-tailed kite, pale gray with white on the tail, head, and underparts. The black-shouldered kite, found throughout most parts of the world, resembles the white-tailed kite; the common names of the two birds are often used interchangeably. Several species of kites are endangered because of loss of habitat.
The kite is noted for its ability to soar and glide.
This snail kite catches its food while flying. It snatches up dragonflies and other large insects with its claws. Or, it zooms past a tree and grabs a lizard or a frog from a branch. The kite also drinks while in flight. It flies down low over the water to sip.
Kites also do some of their nest-building tasks “on the wing.” Kites use twigs to build their nests. To gather the twigs, they fly over the treetops. They break off small branches while they are still in flight.
Kites belong to the family Accipitridae. The swallow-tailed kite is Elanoides forficatus; the Mississippi, Ictinia mississippiensis; the Everglade, Rostrhmus sociabilis plumbeus; the white-tailed, Elanus leucurus; the black-shouldered, Elanus caeruleus.
Kite is a common name for birds of the family Accipitridae. (Sumber)
A few of the Perninae are also called kites.
Lammergeier, a large vulture that lives in the mountains of Africa, southern Europe, and southern Asia. It is also called the bearded vulture and bearded griffin. It differs from other vultures in that its head is fully feathered. An adult lammergeier is about 42 inches (107 cm) long, with a wingspread of more than 9 feet (2.7 m). It is black to brown above, tawny below, with a white head and a black stripe on each cheek.
The lammergeier feeds on dead animal matter. It is particularly fond of bone marrow, which it obtains by carrying bones to great heights and dropping them on rocks. The female lays a single egg (sometimes two) about three inches (7.6 cm) long in a nest of sticks usually built on a rock ledge.
Lammergeiers are rare. They were formerly killed in large numbers because people feared (without justification) that they carried off children and domestic animals; the birds were also hunted as trophies. Since 1986, some lammergeiers bred in European zoos have been released into the wild; in 1997 one such pair hatched the first wildbred offspring in more than a century. In 1998 a lammergeier breeding center was opened in the Swiss Alps.
The lammergeier is Gypaëtus barbatus of the family Accipitridae.
Posted in Birds of Prey
Kestrel, an Old World falcon. It is also called windhover because of its habit of hovering against the wind while scanning the earth for prey. The mature bird is about 13 inches (33 cm) long. The kestrel feeds chiefly on insects and mice, but kills small birds also.
The American kestrel, or sparrow hawk, feeds chiefly on insects and mice.
The American kestrel, or sparrow hawk, is a closely related American species about 11 inches (28 cm) long. The female is brownish, barred with black. The male is slate-blue on the wings and the rear of the back.
The kestrel can hover, or stay in one place in the air, with its wings beating rapidly. For this reason, the it is known as a windhover. As it hovers, a kestrel also hunts for prey. It dives down and uses its strong talons to strike its prey. Its catch might be a mouse, a lizard, or a grasshopper.
Kestrels live all over the world, except Antarctica. They nest in trees or on cliffs or tall buildings. While looking for prey, kestrels may perch on telephone wires or poles. Kestrels can often be seen along country roads. They can be spotted around suburban houses, too.
Kestrels belong to the falcon family, Falconidae. The American kestrel is Falco sparverius. The common kestrel is F. tinnunculus, and the lesser kestrel is F. naumanni.
Posted in Birds of Prey
Hawk, a bird of prey found in most parts of the world. Hawks belong to the same family as eagles and kites and are closely related to falcons, ospreys, and vultures. They have strong talons (claws) for catching and holding prey while they tear the flesh with their sharp, curved beaks. Hawks have powerful wings and keen eyesight. They are swift fliers and can soar for long periods.
Hawks soar high in the air searching for prey.
Hawks vary considerably in size according to the species. The female is usually larger and stronger than the male. Hawks vary in color to some extent, but most are gray or reddish brown on top and whitish underneath. They usually have darker spots or streaks on the neck, breast, and legs and darker bars on the tail and wings. Their legs are feathered, in some species right down to the toes. Usually the bills are black, the feet yellow, and the talons black.
Feeding
Most hawks hunt by day, feeding on smaller birds and land animals. The bat hawk of Asia and Africa, however, hunts bats at night. For many years farmers and hunters killed all hawks on sight to protect poultry and young farm animals, as well as song and game birds. However, it has been found that only a few kinds of hawks harm livestock. The damage they do is far outweighed by their help in ridding farms of such pests as rats, mice, gophers, rabbits, and grasshoppers.
The northern harrier feeds primarily on mice.
Hawks are another kind of bird of prey. Hawks hunt during the day. So do most other birds of prey—except owls. (Most owls, as you know, hunt at night.) Like owls, hawks have strong legs and feet with sharp, curved talons. They also have powerful beaks for catching and eating prey.
This sharp-shinned hawk is a forest hawk. It has short, rounded wings and a long tail. This hawk can gain speed quickly and make sharp turns. These skills are important in hunting in woods where there are lots of trees.
A sharp-shinned hawk sits on a perch and watches for prey. Then it darts down and pounces. Its long, thin toes and sharp talons are just right for grasping songbirds, which it often catches in flight. This hawk has to eat 1/4 of its body weight each day.
Like all birds of prey, hawks spend time taking care of their flying equipment, which is their feathers. Hawks sometimes bathe by splashing at the edge of a lake or a stream. Or, they may take dust baths to get rid of fleas.
A bird’s feathers are made of a network of straight, thin parts called barbs and parts with tiny hooks called barbules. The barbs and barbules can come apart and get ruffled. Birds smooth their feathers with their beaks. They put the barbs and barbules back together, like fixing a zipper. They spread oil on their feathers to protect and waterproof them. The oil comes from a small gland near the bird’s tail.
Hawks build bulky nests of sticks on rocky cliffs or hills, or in trees. A few species nest on the ground. The eggs are whitish or light blue, usually spotted with brown, and are two to seven in number, according to the species. The newly hatched young are covered with white down. They are looked after by both parents for a month or six weeks until they are able to fly.
Hawks found in the United States are divided into the following groups: short-winged hawks, broad-winged hawks, and harriers. All three groups belong to the family Accipitridae. A number of birds belonging to other families are sometimes called hawks. An example is the American sparrow hawk, a member of the falcon family, Falconidae.
or Bird Hawks, belong to the genus Accipiter. They have small heads and long tails. They are sometimes called blue darters because of their gray-blue backs and their ability to maneuver in heavily wooded areas. Several species are used in falconry. Three species of short-winged hawks are found in the United States:
the largest of the short-winged hawks, is 20 to 24 inches (50 to 60 cm) in length and has a blackish crown, blazing red eyes, and pale-gray underparts. Its name comes from “goose hawk,” for the bird was formerly trained to hunt geese and other game birds. In America the goshawk breeds in the woodlands of Canada and the northern United States, wintering southward into Mexico. Usually three to four bluish-white eggs are laid in a nest of sticks built high in a tall tree.
The goshawk is A. gentilis.
The goshawk has a blackish crown, blazing red eyes, and pale-gray underparts.
is 14 to 20 inches (35 to 50 cm) long. The top of its bead is blackish and its breast is reddish brown. It breeds from the woodlands of southern Canada to the Gulf States and northern Mexico, and winters as far south as lower Central America.
Cooper’s hawk is A. cooperii.
resembles Cooper’s hawk but is only 10 to 14 inches (25 to 35 cm) long. It ranges over all of North America, breeding south to Florida and northern Mexico and wintering south to Panama.
The sharp-shinned hawk is A. striatus.
belong to the genus Buteo. They are noted for their habit of soaring in wide circles. Their tails are broad and rounded. Ten species of broad-winged hawks are found in the United States. They include the following:
is 18 to 24 inches (45 to 60 cm) long. It is grayish brown on top with rusty-red shoulders, and a paler reddish-gray underneath. There are dark bands across wings and tail. It breeds over most of Canada and the United States south to northern Mexico, wintering in the southern part of its range.
The red-shouldered hawk is B. lineatus.
19 to 24 inches (48 to 60 cm) long, is dark brown on top, except for the rusty-red tail. The tail is whitish underneath. Red-tailed hawks are whitish on the breast, with brown streaks across the belly. There are subgroups, of phases, of the red-tailed hawk that differ in color from the larger group. One of these is sooty black except for the red tail, another is almost white, and a third is reddish and buff all over. The red-tailed hawk breeds all over North America south to the West Indies.
The red-tailed hawk is B. jamaicensis.
A buteo (BYOO tee oh) is a soaring hawk. A buteo glides high in the air, using its remarkable eyesight to scan the ground for prey. When a buteo like this red-tailed hawk spots prey, it dives down. It strikes the prey with sharp talons. Then it carries the prey to a perch, where the hawk can eat safely.
Buteos are powerful fliers. They need to be, because their prey include rabbits and pheasants. These animals are heavier than the prey eaten by forest hawks. It takes young buteos a long time to become good hunters.When courting, male buteos do spectacular high flights and dives. A courting pair may hold claws and do cartwheels in the air.
gets its name from the feathers covering the front of its legs. It is 20 to 24 inches (50 to 60 cm) long. Most rough-legged hawks are brown, white, and reddish on top. The whitish breast is streaked with brown, and the white tail has a broad black band at the end. There is a black phase of the rough-legged hawk. The rough-legged hawk breeds in the Arctic and winters from southern Canada to Louisiana and Texas.
The rough-legged hawk is B. lagopus.
belong to the genus Circus. They have long, tapered wings and long legs. Of the 10 species of harriers, only one species, the marsh hawk, is found in the United States.
Marsh Hawk, or Northern Harrier, a bird of prey that lives in marshy or grassy areas of North America; it is the only harrier found in the Americas. The bird has long, yellow legs, a long tail, and an owl-like, disc-shaped face. The male, about 20 inches (50 cm) long, has a bluish-gray back, black wingtips, a white rump, and whitish under-parts. The slightly larger female is dark brown with buff streaks.
Marsh hawks hunt while flying close to the ground. They feed chiefly on mice, small birds, frogs, and snakes. Four to six bluish-white eggs are laid in a grass nest built on the ground. The young mature in about two years.
The marsh hawk is Circus cyaneus hudsonius of the hawk family, Accipitridae.
Posted in Birds of Prey
Eagle, a bird of prey belonging to the hawk family. Eagles have hooked beaks, curved claws (called talons), exceptionally keen eyesight, powerful wings, strong bodies, and feathered legs. In mythology the eagle has symbolized the sun. The bird has been used as a symbol of power, courage, and majesty. The Romans believed the eagle to be Jupiter’s favorite bird, and it became the emblem of the Roman Empire. American Indians used the eagle as a symbol of the thunderbird, a mythical bird they thought caused thunder and lightning.
The eagle is a symbol of power, courage, and majesty.
The eagle is the national emblem of the United States and was used as a symbol by czarist Russia. It appears on either the flag or the coat of arms of Albania, Austria, Ecuador, Germany, Mexico, Poland, and Spain; and on the flag and seal of Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Utah.
There are two main groups of eagles: (1) land eagles, which have leg feathers that extend downward to the toes; and (2) sea eagles, or ernes, which have leg feathers extending only halfway to the toes. The most familiar North American eagles are the golden eagle, a land eagle; and the bald eagle, a sea eagle.
The Golden Eagle is native to Europe, Asia, and North America. The American golden eagle is found in deciduous forests from Alaska to central Mexico and from New England to the southern Appalachians. It is named for the golden markings on the nape of the neck. The body and legs are dark brown. The golden eagle is 30 to 41 inches (76 to 104 cm) long and has a wingspan of 76 to 92 inches (1.9 to 2.3 m). The female is usually smaller than the male.
The golden eagle spreads its talons to grasp prey.Like other species of eagles, the golden eagle builds a large nest of sticks in a tall tree or on a rocky ledge. The nest is about five feet (1.5 m) high and seven feet (2 m) across. The same nest is often reused each year although it is usually repaired and enlarged. The female lays two or three whitish eggs with brown blotches. The young hatch in about four weeks. The eaglets are fed by both parents and remain in the nest until they are able to fly, about 9 to 12 weeks later.
The harpy eagle, found in lowland forests from southern Mexico to Argentina, is blackish-gray with a divided black crest resembling a pair of horns. Its talons, more powerful than those of any other bird of prey, are used to capture birds and sloths, its main sources of food. The monkey-eating eagleof the Philippines is grayish-brown with stiff buff-colored feathers that stand up on the crown and nape of the neck. It lives in dense forests and feeds on monkeys, birds, and squirrels. Along with the harpy eagle, it is an endangered species. The crowned eagleof Ethiopia is bluish-black. Its double crest of white feathers is highly prized in Africa for use in ceremonial headdresses. The crowned eagle feeds on small antelopes and birds.
The wedge-tailed eagle is the largest bird of prey in Australia.
Harpy eagles are named after the “flying monsters” that appear in the myths of ancient Greece and Rome. There are eagles in the myths of many different groups of people, including the Native Americans. Perhaps this is because eagles are among the largest and most powerful birds of prey.
Harpy eagles of the South American rain forests are some of the biggest and strongest eagles in the world. Harpy eagles weigh more than 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms). When they spread their wings, their wingspan measures 7 feet (2 meters). Harpy eagles can kill animals as heavy as sloths or monkeys.
or American Eagle, is the national bird of the United States. The bald eagle is so named because its whitefeathered head appears bald when seen from a distance. It has a brown body, white tail, and thick yellow bill. The bald eagle is found throughout North America, from Alaska to Mexico. In the United States it is protected by federal law.
The bald eagle is the national bird of the United States.
Bald eagles are about 30 to 43 inches (76 to 109 cm) long with a wingspan of 78 to 96 inches (2 to 2.4 m). Females are usually larger than males. Bald eagles are found near lakes, rivers, marshes, and seacoasts. They feed on fish, small mammals, birds, and carrion. They have exceptional vision and are believed to see small objects at a distance of up to three miles (5 km).
The nest of the bald eagle is similar to that of the golden eagle, but it is usually located in a tree near water. The female lays two or three white eggs. The eaglets are light brown for about seven years, then acquire their adult plumage.
Bald eagles are well known for pirating, or stealing, fish from other fishing birds. Two biologists once saw an eagle attack an osprey that was carrying a fish high in the air. The eagle fought until the osprey dropped the fish. Then the eagle dived and caught the falling fish before it hit the water.
Bald eagles also eat water birds, such as coots and herons. Sometimes they eat carrion. Bald eagles are even big and strong enough to kill and eat geese and jackrabbits.
Eagles build big, stick nests called aeries (AIR eez) in tall treetops or on cliffs. Eagles often use the same aerie year after year, adding new sticks each year. Young bald eagles have dark feathers all over. They don’t get their white head feathers until they are 6 or 7 years old. By then, they are skilled hunters and are old enough to breed.
Steller’s sea eagleis found in arctic regions. It is black and white with a long, wedge-shaped tail and a long, narrow bill. The white-tailed sea eagle, or gray sea eagle, is found in Iceland and Greenland and from Norway to Siberia and Japan. It is similar in size and color to the bald eagle but has a light brown head and gray patches on the wings. It is an endangered species.
Steller’s sea eagle is one of the largest and most powerful raptors.Eagles belong to the hawk family, Accipitridae. The golden eagle is Aquila chrysaetos; harpy eagle, Harpia harpyja; monkey-eating eagle, Pithecophaga jefferyi; crowned eagle, Stephanoaetus coronatus. The bald eagle is Haliaeetus leucocephalus; Steller’s sea eagle, H. pelagicus; white-tailed sea eagle, H. albicilla.
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Martial Eagle in Namibia
Philippine Eagle, Pithecophaga jefferyi in Southern Philippines
Wedge Tailed Eagle in Australia
A Steppe Eagle in Lahore Zoo, Pakistan
Short-toed Snake Eagle in flight
Major new research into eagle taxonomy suggests that the important genera Aquila and Hieraaetus are not composed of nearest relatives, and it is likely that a reclassification of these genera will soon take place, with some species being moved to Lophaetus orIctinaetus.[15]
FAMILY ACCIPITRIDAE
Posted in Birds of Prey
Condor, either of two species of New World, or American, vultures. The two species are the Andean condor and the California condor. Condors are among the world’s largest flying birds.
The Andean condor has a wingspread of almost 10 feet (3 m), is about 50 inches (127 cm) long, and can weigh up to 30 pounds (14 kg). It has a dark gray, bare head. Around the neck is a collar of white cottony feathers. The male has wattles (fleshy outgrowths) on the head and neck. The body feathers are grayish or black with some white feathers on the wings. The Andean condor is found in western South America from Venezuela to Tierra del Fuego. It is endangered due to indiscriminate hunting.
Condors are among the world’s largest flying birds.
The California condor is from 45 to 55 inches (114 to 140 cm) long and has a wing-spread almost as large as that of the Andean condor. It is the largest bird of prey in North America, it is dark grayish black with white feathers on the underside of the wings. The bare head is reddish orange with a black ruff of feathers on the neck. There are no wattles. The California condor is on the verge of extinction because of destruction of its habitat and indiscriminate hunting. During 1982–87, all California condors were removed from the wild and placed in breeding programs at the Los Angeles Zoo and the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Since 1992, some of the condors raised in these programs have been released into the wild.
Condors feed on small rodents and carrion. The female lays one egg every other year.
Yes, the California condor is a member of the New World vulture family. Like other vultures, it has weak feet, and its head and neck are bare. This vulture also has keen eyesight, and it is a powerful flyer. A California condor can soar and glide a long way.
The California condor is in danger of becoming extinct. A big problem is loss of habitat. Condors need huge areas of open country where elk, cattle, and deer live. Condors feed on the carrion of these large animals. As cities grow, these animals have less and less land on which to live. Without their prey, the condors cannot survive either.
Fortunately, there is a recovery plan for these condors. They are being bred in animal centers in California and Idaho. The plan is to reintroduce condors into the wild in two different places. It is hoped that this will give the birds a good chance to survive.
Condors belong to the American vulture family, Cathartidae. The Andean condor is Vultur gryphus; the California condor, Gymnogyps califortnianus.
Posted in Birds of Prey
Peacock, or Peafowl, a large bird of the pheasant family. Properly, the peacock is the male, penhen the female. There are three species, two of them native to Asia, and the third to Africa. Asian peacocks have long been domesticated, and can be found in gardens and zoos in many parts of the world. The males are noted for their display of brilliant plumage.
The male peacock displays his tail feathers to attract attention during courtship.
The Indian, or common, peacock is native to India and Sri Lanka. It has a crest of blue-green feathers, and a long train composed of the upper tail coverts. Its neck, breast, and train are iridescent blue and green. The back and tail are chestnut in color; the wings are white and brown. The hen is duller in color, and has no train. A white variety of the Indian peacock has been developed. The Javanese peacock is native to Indochina. It is similar to the Indian peacock except that it is predominantly green, and the female is more brightly colored than the Indian peahen.
The male of either species of Asian peacocks may have a body more than two feet (60 cm) long and a train six feet (180 cm) long. To attract attention, during courtship and at other times, the male lifts the train and spreads it out in a fan that arches over the bird’s back and touches the ground on either side. The train is supported by the short, stiff tail feathers. The plumage of the train is spotted with eye-shaped markings in gold, green, and purple.
The Congo peacock, of a different genus, was discovered by zoologists in 1937. The male is glossy black with a white crest, and has no train. The female is green and brown.
The male peacock usually has a harem of two to five hens. The female lays three to eight whitish eggs that may be spotted with brown. Nests are built in secluded places on the ground or in low branches of trees. Peacocks feed on a wide variety of animal and vegetable material, including grain, tender shoots and bulbs, frogs, snails, and worms.
A male peacock uses his large fan as a display to attract a mate. When not used for display, the fan feathers trail behind the bird. In this position, the fan feathers are called a train, like the trailing fabric on a bride’s gown. Female peafowl do not have fans.
The male’s fan is made up of some 200 long feathers. These beautiful feathers can be some 60 inches (about 150 centimeters) in length. They are greenish-blue and feature bold spots that look like eyes. As the peacock displays his fan, he shakes its feathers so that they make a rattling noise. This also helps attract the female’s attention.
The Indian peacock is Pavo cristatus; the Javanese peacock, P. muticus. The Congo peacock is Afropavo congensis. Peacocks belong to the family Phasianidae.
A peacock without his feathers is like a king without a crown, a tigerwithout its stripes, a cowboy without his boots. The male of thepeafowl species, the peacockhas long symbolized beauty, regality and pride. Like many malebirds, the peacock’s appearance far outshines that of the demurepeahen, and he showcases these famous feathers to drive those chicks wild.
Posted in Fowl
Wild turkeys are native to North America and were first identified hundreds of years ago.
Posted in Fowl
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